{"id":134,"date":"2014-11-11T20:58:04","date_gmt":"2014-11-11T20:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/?page_id=134"},"modified":"2026-01-29T10:03:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T20:03:08","slug":"instrumentation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/","title":{"rendered":"Instrumentation"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\">Heterodyne Instrumentation<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The JCMT currently has five heterodyne spectral instruments: <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/harp\/\">HARP:<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0a 16-pixel array receiver working at 345 GHz; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/uu-230ghz\/\">\u02bb\u016a\u02bb\u016b<\/a>: a single-pixel insert on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/\">N\u0101makanui<\/a> working at 230 GHz; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/aweoweo-345ghz\/\">\u02bb\u0100weoweo<\/a>: a single-pixel insert on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/\">N\u0101makanui<\/a> working at 345 GHz; \u02bbAla\u02bbihi, a single pixel insert on N\u0101makanui working at 86 GHz and primarily intended for VLBI.\u00a0 In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/kuntur\/\">Kuntur<\/a> is a 690 GHz receiver from LLAMA which replaces <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/aweoweo-345ghz\/\">\u02bb\u0100weoweo<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/\">N\u0101makanui<\/a> cartridge for planned time-limited campaigns, usually in the winter. The backend for all of these heterodyne instruments is the <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/acsis\/\">ACSIS<\/a><\/strong> correlating spectrometer.<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_479\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1.jpeg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-479\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-479 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1-1024x549.jpeg\" alt=\"Plot of transmission as a function of frequency for different levels of precipitable water vapor. The two current heterodyne receivers HARP and RxA are shown in relation to this. Commonly observed molecules for each instrument are also listed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1-1024x549.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1-300x161.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1-250x134.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1-150x80.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Heterodyne1.jpeg 1114w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-479\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plot of transmission as a function of frequency for different levels of precipitable water vapor. The two current heterodyne receivers HARP and RxA are shown in relation to this.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-image-18 size-large\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Continuum Instrumentation<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/continuum\/scuba-2\/\">SCUBA-2<\/a><\/strong> is the JCMT&#8217;s continuum camera. It has four 32&#215;40 detector arrays at 850 and 450 micron, in total 10240 detectors. SCUBA-2 operations are currently paused.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_18\" style=\"width: 810px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum.jpeg\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-18 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum-1024x542.jpeg\" alt=\"Plot of transmission as a function of frequency for different levels of precipitable water vapor. The SCUBA-2 450 and 850 micron filters are shown in relation to this. It is clearly evident that 450 micron data requires good weather conditions due to the atmospheric window. \" width=\"800\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum-1024x542.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum-300x158.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum-624x330.jpeg 624w, https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/11\/AtTrans_Continuum.jpeg 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-18\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plot of transmission as a function of frequency for different levels of precipitable water vapor. The SCUBA-2 450 and 850 micron filters are shown in relation to this. It is clearly evident that 450 micron data requires good weather conditions due to the atmospheric window.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-image-17 size-large\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><a name=\"status\"><\/a>Current Status<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Last update: January 15th 2026.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Operational<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/harp\/\">HARP<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/uu-230ghz\/\">N\u0101makanui &#8211; \u02bb\u016a\u02bb\u016b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/\">N\u0101makanui &#8211; \u02bbAla\u02bbihi<\/a> (86 GHz, undergoing commissioning)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/kuntur\/\">N\u0101makanui &#8211; Kuntur<\/a> (690 GHz, currently being commissioned)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/acsis\/\">ACSIS &#8211; backend digital spectronometer<\/a><\/li>\n<li>WVM &#8211; Water Vapor Monitor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/observing\/weather-bands\/\">for weather see here<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Currently not installed<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/aweoweo-345ghz\/\">\u02bb\u0100weoweo<\/a> cartridge is being temporarily removed from the N\u0101makanui cartridge as of November 7th 2025, and replaced with the 625 GHz cartridge <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/kuntur\/\">Kuntur<\/a>. The exact date to swap back has not been selected but is anticipated to be in Spring 2026.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/aweoweo-345ghz\/\">N\u0101makanui -\u02bb\u0100weoweo\u00a0<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Operations Paused<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">As announced to the JCMT community in 2025, operations with SCUBA-2 (and its polarimeter POL-2) are currently paused.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/continuum\/scuba-2\/\">SCUBA-2<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/continuum\/scuba-2\/pol-2\/\">POL-2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table class=\" alignleft\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 23px;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 23px;\">Instrument<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: justify; width: 636.533px; height: 23px;\">Comments<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 103px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 67.4667px; text-align: left; height: 103px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/continuum\/scuba-2\/\">SCUBA-2<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 636.533px; text-align: left; height: 103px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">850 and 450 micron continuum camera.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">5120 bolometers (4 sub arrays x 1280 bolometers) at each wavelength band.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Currently about 3500 bolometers are working at each wavelength band.<\/li>\n<li>Operations currently paused.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 367px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 367px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/harp\/\">HARP<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 367px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">325 &#8211; 375 GHz 16 detector SSB SIS array receiver<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Currently HARP cannot be tuned to frequencies 325-329 GHz LSB and 335 &#8211; 339 GHz USB.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">12 of the 16 receptors (detectors) are operational; H00, H02, H14 and H15 are not operational.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">H04 and H13 have bad baselines for frequencies lower than 340GHz<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"comment\">Receptor H04\/R05 is unusable at frequencies below 332.5 GHz<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">PIs with projects involving jiggle maps on extended sources may wish to review the central pointings and\/or K-mirror orientations in their MSBs.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">The lack of these receptors hampers jiggle mapping. Work is ongoing to replace the broken receptors. The largest square fully sampled field of view with a HARP jiggle map is currently 1.5&#8217;x1.5&#8242;. If the full 2&#8217;x2&#8242; jiggle field of view is required we recommend using a small raster instead (114&#8243;x114&#8243; 1\/4 array spaced basket weaved). This will be less efficient with a factor of about 1.5 in time.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Sensitivity variations creating striping &#8211; worst at 13CO\/C18O<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 55px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/uu-230ghz\/\">\u02bb\u016a\u02bb\u016b<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 55px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">225 GHz single pixel 2SB receiver.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 55px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/aweoweo-345ghz\/\">\u02bb\u0100weoweo\u00a0<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 55px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">345 GHz single pixel 2SB receiver<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 55px;\">\u02bbAla\u02bbihi<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 55px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">86 GHz single pixel receiver (anticipated to be used primarily for VLBI)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/namakanui\/kuntur\/\">Kuntur<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">690 GHz single pixel receiver<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 55px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 55px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/heterodyne\/acsis\/\">ACSIS<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 55px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">16 channel correlator with up to 1.8 GHz bandwidth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 127px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: justify; width: 67.4667px; height: 127px;\">WVM<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 636.533px; height: 127px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">183 GHz water vapour monitor installed in receiver cabin.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Measures the precipitable water vapour along the line of sight at 1.2 second intervals.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Of the two WVMs available the black\u00a0WVM is currently installed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Not Operational\/Retired:<\/h3>\n<table class=\" alignleft\" style=\"height: 264px;\" width=\"1068\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 18px;\">\n<th style=\"text-align: justify; height: 18px;\">Instrument<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: justify; height: 18px;\">Comments<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 192px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 67.4667px; height: 192px;\">RxA<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 636.533px; height: 192px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">211.5 &#8211; 276.5 GHz Single Channel DSB SIS receiver<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">In 2016 the mixer was replaced by an SMA mixer and as a result sideband ratios are different from 1.0 at certain LO frequencies. This was also the case for the replaced mixer. It is planned to apply corrections in the data reduction.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">After replacement of the old 1980s micro computer, frequency switching has not been implemented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 168px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 168px;\">RxW<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 168px;\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">For D band observations SSB is strongly recommended even if DSB mode is possible. The DSB option has been removed in the latest OT version.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">For D band, channel A is displaced by 10&#8243; on the sky from channel B (which is the tracking receptor).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Localized baseline ripple in PSSW mode.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heterodyne Instrumentation The JCMT currently has five heterodyne spectral instruments: HARP:\u00a0a 16-pixel array receiver working at 345 GHz; \u02bb\u016a\u02bb\u016b: a single-pixel insert on N\u0101makanui working at 230 GHz; \u02bb\u0100weoweo: a single-pixel insert on N\u0101makanui working at 345 GHz; \u02bbAla\u02bbihi, a single pixel insert on N\u0101makanui working at 86 GHz and\u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/instrumentation\/\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=134"}],"version-history":[{"count":88,"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13484,"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/134\/revisions\/13484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eaobservatory.org\/jcmt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}